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ANECDOTES AND MEMOIRS 

it 


OF 


WILLIAM BOEN, 

A COLOURED MAN, 


WHO LIVED AND DIED NEAR MOUNT HOLLY, NEW JERSEY, 


TO WHICH IS ADDED, 


The Testimony of Friends of Mount Holly 
monthly meeting concerning him. 


PulaMpfite: 

PRINTED BY JOHN RICHARDS, 
No. 129 Nortli Third Street. 


1834 . 


















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MEMOIRS AND ANECDOTES OF WIL¬ 
LIAM BOEN. 


William Boen was a coloured man, who resided 
near Mount Holly, New Jersey. Like many of his 
brethren of the African race, in those days, he was 
from his birth held as a slave. But though poor and 
ignorant, in his early days, he was cared for, as all 
others are, by the universal Parent of the human 
family. He became a pious, sober, temperate, honest, 
and industrious man; and by this means, he obtain¬ 
ed the friendship, esteem, and respect of all classes 
of his fellow-men, and the approbation and peace of 
his heavenly Father. 

His industry, temperance, and cleanliness, no 
doubt, contributed much to his health and comfort;, 
so that he livdd to be a very old man, with having 
but little sickness through the course of his life. His 
character being so remarkable for sobriety, honesty, 
and peace—that it induced some younger people to 
inquire by what means he had arrived to such a state, 
and attained such a standing in the neighbourhood 
where he lived. Ever willing to instruct, counsel, 
and admonish the youth, he could relate his own 
experience of the work of grace in his heart, which 
led him into such uprightness of life and conduct. 
For his memory did not appear to be much impair¬ 
ed by reason of old age. 

To a friend who visited him in the eighty-sixth 
year of his age, he gave the following account of his 


4 

early life, and religious experience. On being asked, 
whether he could remember in what way, and by 
what means, he was first brought to mind and fol¬ 
low that , which had been his guide and rule of faith 
and life, and which had led and preserved him so 
safely along through time? William answered as 
follows: “Oh! yes; that I can, right well. In the 
time of the old French war, my master (for I was a 
poor black boy, a slave) my master sent me to chop 
wood, on a hill-side, out of sight of any house; and 
there was a great forest of woods below me; and he 
told me to cut down all the trees on that hill-side. 
When I went home, in the evenings, I often heard 
them talking about the Indians killing and scalping 
people: and sometimes,some of the neighbours would 
come in, and they and my master’s family talked of 
the Indians killing such and such,—nearer and near¬ 
er to us. And so, from time to time, I would hear 
them tell of the Indians killing, and scalping people, 
nearer and nearer: so that I began to think, like 
enough, by and by, they would kill me. And I 
thought more and more about it; and again would 
hear tell of their coming still nearer. At length, I 
thought, sure enough they will get so near, that they 
will hear the sound of my axe, and will come and 
kill me. Here is a great forest of woods below me, 
and no house in sight:—surely, I have not long to 
live. I expected every day would be my last;—that 
they would soon kill me, a poor black boy, here all 
alone.” 

“A thought then came into my mind, whether I 
was fit to die. It was showed me, and I saw plain 
enough, that I was not fit to die. Then it troubled 
me very much, that I was not fit to die; and I felt 


5 

very desirous,—very anxious that I might be made 
fit to die. So I stood still, in great amazement; and 
it seemed as if a flaming sword passed through me. 
And when it passed over, and I recollected myself 
(for I stood so, some time) it was showed me how 
I should be made fit to die: and I was willing to do 
any thing, so I might be made fit to die.” 

“Thus, I was brought to mind and follow that , 
that has been the guide and rule of my life ,—that 
within me , that inclined me to good, and showed 
and condemned evil. Now I considered I had a 
new master—I had two masters; and it was showed 
me (in my mind) by my new Master, a certain tree 
on the hill-side, that I must not cut down. I knowed 
the tree well enough. I had not come to it yet. But 
I did not know what I should do; for mjr old mas¬ 
ter had told me to cut all the trees down, on that 
hill-side. My new Master forbids me to cut a cer¬ 
tain one. So I thought a good deal about it. I cut 
on; and by and by I came to the tree. I cut on by 
it, and let it stand. But I expected, every day, my 
old master would come, and see that tree standing, 
and say, ‘What did thee leave that tree standing 
for? Did not I tell thee to cut all the trees down, as 
thee went? Go, cut that tree down . 5 Then, I did’nt 
know what I should do. But he never said any 
thing to me about it. I cut on, and got some dis¬ 
tance by it; and one day my old master brought out 
his axe, and cut the tree down himself; and never 
said, William, why didn’t thee cut that tree down? 
never said any thing to me about it. Then I thought, 
surely my new Master will make way for me, and 
take care of me, if I love him, and mind him, and 
am attentive to this my guide, and rule of life. And 


6 

this seemed an evidence and proof of it, and strength* 
ened me much in love, and confidence in my Guide.” 

After the respectable and goodly old man, had 
given this interesting account of the way and man¬ 
ner in which he was brought to follow the guide of 
his life, the following question was put to him: 
“Well, William, has thee, from that time, till now, 
been so careful and attentive to thy guide, as never 
to say or do amiss?” To which he replied, “Oh! 
no: I have missed it—I have several times missed 
it.” He was then asked, “Well, William, in that 
case, how did thee get along?” He answered, “Oh! 
when I missed it,—when I found I had said, or done 
wrong, I felt very sorry. I tried to be more careful, 
for time to come;—never to do so any more: and I 
believe I was forgiven.” 

Another inquiry was made of William, how he 
and his old master got along together, after his 
change. He said, “Very well. Some time after¬ 
wards, one of the neighbours said to me, one day, 
‘William, thy master talks of setting thee free.’ I 
did’nt think much about it—did’nt expect there was 
any thing in it; though I heard others say he talked 
of setting me free;—till, after some time, as my 
master was walking with me, going to my work, he 
said, ‘William, would’nt thee like to be free?’ I 
did’nt say any thing to it. I thought he might know 
I should like to be free. I did’nt make him any 
answer about it, but then I thought there was some¬ 
thing in it. So after awhile, sure enough, he did 
set me free.” 

There is no doubt his old master observed a great 
change in him; for his guide taught him to be duti¬ 
ful, industrious and diligent in his business, careful 


7 

in his words and actions, and sober, steady, and ex¬ 
emplary in all he said, and in all his conduct. 

William Boen’s guide, and rule of life and con¬ 
duct, his new Master , as he called him, that did so 
much for him, and raised him from the state of a 
poor slave, to be a free man, in good esteem—thro’ 
habits of temperance, sobriety, honest industry and 
integrity,—whereby he was enabled to become the 
respectable head of a family, and to acquire a house, 
and property of his own, sufficient for the comforta¬ 
ble accommodation of himself and family;—and who 
forsook him not when he became old, and grey-head¬ 
ed - yT -his new Master was the same Light that ap¬ 
pears unto all; and it would guide every one in the 
right way, as it did him, if they would take it for 
their Master, and mind and obey it, as he did. It 
was the guide of his youth,—became his Lord and 
Master,—preserved him from evil,—and conducted 
him safely through the trials of life, to a good old 
age. 

William Boen’s new Master was, and is the same 
thing that the apostle Paul, in his Epistle to Titus, 
bears testimony to, in these words; “the grace of 
God, that bringeth salvation, hath appeared to all 
men;—teaching us, that, denying all ungodliness 
and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteous¬ 
ly, and godly in this present world.” Now, surely, 
if we don’t take it for our master, and mind its 
teachings, we cannot know it to bring our salvation, 
or save us from all ungodliness and worldly lusts , 
as he did, and as all do, that are obedient to this 
grace of God, the Light of Christ , within. 

In William Boen’s simple account of the way and 
means, by which he was showed how he should be 


8 

made fit to die;—that is, by minding and following 
that within him, which inclined him to good, an4 
that showed and condemned him for evil,—the good¬ 
ness, mercy, and condescending care of the Almighty 
Father, are strikingly manifest. How graciously he 
suits his dispensations to the weak and ignorant 
states of his children, who sincerely seek him, and 
inquire what they shall do to be saved! When Wil¬ 
liam Boen thought of death, something showed him 
he was not fit to die. Ke “saw it plain enough,” and 
was troubled. In his anxiety to be prepared to die, 
he became still and quiet—and then he felt condem¬ 
nation, as a flaming sword, pass through him. When 
this had its effect to bring him to a state of humility 
and watchfulness, the Divine Bight in his soul show¬ 
ed him the way in which he should walk, in order 
to become fit to die. He became willing to do any 
thing required of him: so, to prove his obedience, 
it was showed him, by his new Master, that he must 
leave a certain tree standing, where he was felling 
timber. He began to reason upon consequences, 
but resolved to obey his new Master, in preference 
to his old one. It was sufficient to test his faith and 
love; and though a simple circumstance, it was pro^ 
bably of great use to him ever after; as by it he was 
taught to be faithful in little things, and thus became 
ruler over more. 

It may be useful to survivors, who, like William, 
are desirous so to live, as that they may become fit 
to die,—to bring into view some anecdotes of his 
life, that show the principles by which his mind and 
conduct were regulated. 

In his conversation among men, he was very care¬ 
ful to keep to the plain language,—the language of 


9 

truth and sincerity—yet, through the help of his 
guide, he detected himself in a deviation from it, in 
the following circumstance. A wealthy neighbour, 
a white man, frequently availed himself of William’s 
obliging disposition, by using his grindstone, instead 
of procuring one for himself. On an occasion of this 
kind, his neighbour told him he was obliged to him 
for the use of his grindstone: to which, William 
returned the usual compliment of saying he was 
welcome. After the man was gone, William became 
uneasy in his mind, with his reply, as being insin¬ 
cere. He therefore went to his neighbour, and made 
an acknowledgment, that although he had told him 
he was welcome, yet it was only in conformity with 
’custom, and was not the case; for he thought his 
neighbour was better able to keep a grindstone of 
his own, than he w’as. 

How many customary compliments, by-words, 
and common expressions, would be dispensed with, 
as idle words, for which we must give an account in 
the day of judgment,—if a strict regard to truth and 
sincerity, were the ruling principle or guide of all 
our words and actions! 

William Boen appears to have been as strictly 
careful in his adherence to the principles of justice, 
and the rights of property, as he was in regard to 
truth and sincerity in his communications. Being 
employed, with several others, to mow the meadows 
attached to the place called Breezy Ridge, on Lom- 
berton creek,—William, with his scythe, accidental¬ 
ly struck a partridge that was concealed from his 
view, in the grass, and killed it. As it appeared to 
be in good order, his companions proposed that he 
should take it home, for his own use. William, 
1 * 


10 

however, was not easy to do so: he said the par¬ 
tridge did not belong to him, but to the owner of 
the meadow. 

On another occasion, he manifested the acuteness 
of his feelings, in regard to the rights of property. 
With other labourers, he was employed to cut tim¬ 
ber in the pines, at a distance from the settlements. 
They took provisions with them, to encamp for a 
week or two in the woods; and, finding an empty 
cabin on lands that did not belong to their employ¬ 
er, they made use of it William’s mind, however, 
was not quite satisfied. He had been using the pro¬ 
perty of another, without leave. So, after his re¬ 
turn, he took an early opportunity to represent the 
case to the owner of the cabin, who lived some miles 
distant from him. 

William Boen believed in Christ, as the Prince 
of peace; and that those who professed to be Chris¬ 
tians, and lived in his peaceable spirit, could have 
nothing to do with war, in any shape. He there¬ 
fore had a testimony to bear against the spirit of 
war, and the love of money that stands in connexion 
with it. Not far from William’s habitation, there 
lived a storekeeper, a man of considerable note, who 
had been an officer in the army, during the time of 
the American revolution. Some time after the peace 
was concluded, this storekeeper traded largely in 
buying up soldiers’ certificates, for much less than 
their nominal value. By this means, he made con¬ 
siderable profits to himself, with which he engaged 
in building a large and fine house. While thus em¬ 
ployed, William Boen called on him, and told him 
he had been much concerned for him, on account of 
his traffic in what he considered no better than the 


11 

price of blood, and that the money with which he 
was building his house, was unrighteous gain. He 
also quoted that passage of scripture, as applicable 
to the case, respecting Judas, who betrayed his Mas¬ 
ter for the sake of money; and mentioned the man¬ 
ner of his death. 

His reproof and admonition were delivered with 
so much honesty and tender feeling, and the kind 
and friendly motives that influenced him thereto, 
were so apparent, that his neighbour, though a high- 
spirited man, received his communication, in a re¬ 
spectful manner;;—and, on a subsequent occasion, 
upon hearing some persons remark, that they won¬ 
dered that William was not ridiculed by boys, and 
light, vain persons, on account of his singular ap¬ 
pearance, and wearing his beard so long,—he stated, 
that William Boen was a religious man; and that his 
well known piety impressed the minds of such peo¬ 
ple with awe and respect towards him; and thus 
they were prevented from manifesting that levity 
which the singularity of his dress and appearance 
might otherwise have produced. 

For it is to be observed, that he thought it right 
to have all his clothing of the natural colours, and 
made very plain and simple. As he was very clean 
in his person, his wearing apparel became very 
white, by washing—his hair and beard also became 
white through age: and these, contrasted with his 
dark skin, gave him a very venerable appearance. 
He was affable, modest, and respectful, in his man¬ 
ners and deportment; while the mildness and gravi¬ 
ty of his countenance, indicated a mind governed 
by the precepts of the gospel, and often impressed 
lessons of serious reflection on those who beheld 


12 

him;—especially in the solidity and reverence, with 
which he sat in religious meetings. 

It was probably on account of his dress, that some 
person remarked to him, that he appeared to be en¬ 
deavouring to walk in the footsteps of John Wool- 
man,—a Friend with whom he had been intimately 
acquainted. After a pause, he, said, “ I am endea¬ 
vouring to follow the footsteps of Christ.” 

William Boen, by attending to his Guide, and 
faithfully following Christ, his new Master , was 
brought to believe in his doctrine, in relation to 
gospel ministers: “ Freely ye have received, freely 
give.” He therefore did not approve of hireling 
ministry, or paying men for preaching. This tes¬ 
timony to a free gospel ministry, he carried so far, 
in order to keep a pure conscience towards his Di¬ 
vine Master, that on one occasion, after he had sold 
some wood to a person, who was called a clergy¬ 
man,—he felt scrupulous about receiving money 
from him, which was obtained by preaching: as it 
would not be, in his apprehension, bearing a faith¬ 
ful testimony against hireling ministry. So he went 
to the man, and asked him whether he got his mo¬ 
ney by preaching. On being answered in the affirm¬ 
ative, William told him, he was not free to take his 
money in pay for the wood, as he did not approve 
of making money by preaching, contrary to the com¬ 
mand of Christ. 

Yet his mind was clothed with Christian chari¬ 
ty towards his fellow-creatures, who had not been 
brought to see and walk in the way which he appre¬ 
hended' to be required of him. William was not 
free to use any thing either in food or clothing, that 
he knew to be produced through the labour of slaves. 


13 

On its being asked him, whether he thought so well 
of his friends that used the products of slavery, 
as he would do, if they did not use such articles; 
he replied, “Obedience is all , with me. I believe 
it is required of me, not to use these things: and if 
it has never been required of them, not to use these 
things, then they are as much in the way of their 
duty, in using them, as I am in the way of my du¬ 
ty, in not using them.” 

When William was drawing near the close of his 
long and exemplary life, his bodily powers failed 
through weakness, and the decay of nature; but his 
mind was preserved clear and tranquil. At this sea¬ 
son, he was frequently visited by a friend, who, on 
one occasion, made some remarks respecting the 
calm and peaceful state of mind, which he appeared 
to enjoy, and inquired of him by what means he 
had attained to such a happy state. William, in ac¬ 
cordance with his common expression of trying all 
things by the mind, gave this short and comprehen¬ 
sive answer: “ By keeping the mind easy,—and re¬ 
sisting every thing that made it uneasy.” 

Soon after his death, the following obituary no¬ 
tice, appeared in one of the public papers: 

“Died, near Mount Holly, on the 12th instant, 
in the ninetieth year of his age, William Boen, 
(alias Heston) a coloured man. 

Rare, indeed, are the instances that wq meet with, 
in which we feel called upon to record the virtues 
of any of this afflicted race of people. The deceased, 
however, was one of those who have demonstrated 
the truth of that portion of scripture, that “of a 
truth God is no respecter of persons; but in every 
2 


14 

nation, they that fear him and work righteousness, 
are accepted with him.” 

He was concerned, in early life, “to do justly, 
love mercy, and walk humbly with his Godand 
by a close attention to the light of Christ within, 
and faithfully abiding under the operation of that 
blessed spirit of Divine grace in his soul, he was 
enabled, not only to bear many precious testimonies 
faithfully, to the end of his days, but also to bring 
forth those fruits of the spirit which redound to the 
glory of God, and the salvation of the soul. He 
was an exemplary member of the religious Society 
of Friends; and as he lived, so he died,—a rare pat¬ 
tern of a self-denying follower of Jesus Christ. He 
had no apparent disease,—either of body or mind; 
but, as he expressed himself a short time before his 
death, he felt nothing but weakness: which conti¬ 
nued to increase, until he gently breathed his last; 
and is, no doubt, entered into his heavenly Father’s 
rest. 

“Mark the perfect man, and behold the upright: 
for the end of that man is peace.” 

6 th month, 1824. 


Memorial of Mount Holly monthly meeting of 
Friends, concerning William Boen, a coloured 
man. Read in the Yearly Meeting of Friends, 
held in Philadelphia, 1829. 

As the memory of those who have followed the 
leadings of that Teacher which leadeth into all truth, 
and enables its votaries to become, by example, 


15 

preachers of righteousness, is precious, vve feel en¬ 
gaged to give the following testimony concerning 
our deceased friend, William Boen, a coloured man. 

He was born in the year 1735, in the neighbour¬ 
hood of Rancocas. Being a slave from his birth, he 
had very little opportunity of acquiring useful learn¬ 
ing; yet by his own industry and care, he succeeded 
in learning to read and write. 

His mind became seriously impressed while very 
young, and he was induced in early life, to attend 
to the monitions of light and life in his own mind, 
being convinced from what he felt within him, of 
the existence of a Supreme Being; and also of the 
manner of his visiting the children of men, by the 
inward peace which he felt upon a faithful perform¬ 
ance of what he thus apprehended to be his duty. 

About the twenty-eighth year of his age, he con¬ 
tracted for his freedom; and having entered into 
marriage engagements with a woman in the neigh¬ 
bourhood, but not being, at that time, a member of 
our society, he was straitened in his mind how to 
accomplish it; as he was fully convinced of our 
testimony in that respect. 

In this difficult}', he made known his situation to 
our friend, John Woolman, who, to relieve him, had 
a number of persons convened at a friend’s house, 
where they were married after the manner of our so¬ 
ciety, and a certificate to that effect, furnished them 
by those present. 

About this time he made application to become a 
member of our society; but way not opening in 
Friends’ minds, he was not received, but encouraged 
to continue faithful; which we believe he did, from 
the account we have of nearly his whole life. 


16 


He was concerned above all things, to walk in the 
path of truth and righteousness; and according to 
his measure, to be faithful to every opening of duty, 
by which means he obtained the esteem of all who 
knew him. 

As he thus continued steadfast to the light in his 
own mind, he was favoured to see the necessity of 
a daily cross to all the gratifications of self, and that 
the cause of truth cannot grow in us, while we are 
governed by a worldly spirit. 

By yielding full obedience to that light, which it 
was his chiefest joy to follow, he became truly con¬ 
vinced of the necessity of maintaining the various 
testimonies which we, as a people, have been called 
upon to bear; and, in some respects, he had to bear 
a testimony against things in which many of his 
white brethren indulge, particularly in regard to 
slavery; refusing to wear, or use in any shape, 
articles which come through that corrupted channel. 
And, we believe, it was through dedication to the 
Lord, and an unreserved surrender of his will, to 
the Divine will, that he was brought to see these 
things in that light, which deceiveth not. Thus, 
evincing by his conversation and example, the truth 
of that scripture declaration, “All thy children shall 
be taught of the Lord, and great shall be the peace 
of thy children; in righteousness shalt thou be es¬ 
tablished.” 

It appears, not only from his own words, but also 
from his weighty example, that his great concern 
was to keep his mind easy, believing that right and 
wrong actions would result either in peace or pain 
within; hence, his great care was to “ try all things by 
the mind,” as he expressed it, or the light of Christ 




17 

within; with which he was, no doubt, through faith¬ 
fulness, in a remarkable manner favoured; esteem¬ 
ing it right to be obedient to every manifested duty, 
however in the cross, or insignificant to the carnal 
mind, these small duties might appear; and as he 
was found, like the servant in the parable, “faithful 
in the little,” he was strengthened to rule over the 
carnal propensities of his nature, bringing his words 
and actions into the obedience of Christ. His humi¬ 
lity was such, that although in low circumstances, 
he appeared to be content, and even refused to in¬ 
dulge himself in rich food or clothing, saying that 
“bread and water was good enough for him.” In 
1S14, he was, on application, received into member¬ 
ship with us, and continued to the last, when able, 
a steady attender of our meetings, both for worship 
and discipline. 

He enjoyed reasonable health and strength until 
about his eighty-seventh year, when his strength 
began to fail, but the faculties of his mind remained 
good until his end. 

Some weeks previous to his death, he spoke of it 
with the utmost composure, and recounting his past 
trials and experiences said, “he had thought he was 
alone with regard to his testimony against slavery.” 
But, as though he had fresh evidences thereof, said, 
“he believed it would grow and increase among 
Friends.” He appeared perfectly resigned to death, 
having no will therein; and as he expressed himself, 
“that some died hard and others easy, but for him¬ 
self, he had no wish for either, being fully resigned 
to the Divine will in all things.” 

To a friend present, the day previous to his death, 
he stated “that he felt himself going very fast; but 
3 


18 

that he had no wish to stay.” His weakness increas¬ 
ing, and having no desire to take any nourishment, 
he was asked if he was sick, or felt any pain; to 
which he answered, “that he felt neither pain nor 
sickness, but weakness, and a total disrelish for every 
thing of this world.” His weakness continued to 
increase until he passed quietly away, on the night 
of the 12th of the 6th month, 1824, in the ninetieth 
year of his age; and we doubt not, he has entered 
into his heavenly Father’s rest. 

Head in, and approved by, Mount Holly monthly 
meeting of Friends, held 11th month 6th, 1828. 

Amos Bullock, Clerk. 

Read in, and approved by, Burlington Quarterly 
meeting of Friends, held at Chesterfield, on the 25th 
of the 11th month, 1828, and directed to be forward¬ 
ed to the Yearly Meeting. 

Andrew C. Ridgway, Clerk. 








































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